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Pitot Tubes for Air and Gas Flow

Pitot tubes and averaging flow elements for measuring air and gas flow in ducts and stacks.

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A pitot tube measures differential pressure between the air stream and a static point, which a separate transmitter converts into velocity or flow. This page covers Halstrup-Walcher's S-type, standard, averaging and telescoping pitot tubes, plus the Wilson flow grid, for stack, duct and portable measurement across clean and dusty gas streams.

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5 Products · Flow Measuring Devices (Pitot Tube)

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Pitot Tubes for Air and Gas Flow Guide

How a pitot tube works

A pitot tube has an opening facing directly into the flow and another sensing the surrounding static pressure. The difference between the two, the dynamic pressure, increases with velocity in a known relationship, so a differential pressure transmitter or manometer connected to the tube can convert that reading into a flow speed. The tube itself has no moving parts and no power supply.

How to choose a pitot tube

  • Dust and debris: an S-type pitot tube has larger openings that resist blocking, so it suits stack and flue gas measurements where a standard tube would clog.
  • Duct or stack, clean gas: the standard pitot tube suits mobile or stationary use in clean ducts, at lower cost than the S-type or averaging versions.
  • Uneven flow profiles: an averaging pitot tube senses at several points across the duct and pairs best with a differential pressure transmitter for volume flow, rather than relying on a single-point reading.
  • Portable traverses: a telescoping stainless steel pitot tube adjusts in length, useful for checking velocity at varying depths or duct sizes during commissioning.
  • Maximum accuracy, permanent installation: the Wilson flow grid samples the most points across large ducts, for the highest accuracy of the range, at the cost of needing custom sizing per duct.
  • Transmitter pairing: none of these tubes gives a reading alone. Pair them with a differential pressure transmitter to get a usable flow or velocity signal.

For a portable gauge to read these tubes on site, see portable air velocity meters.

FAQ

Common questions

What is a pitot tube used for?

It measures the differential pressure created by moving air or gas, which a connected transmitter or manometer converts into velocity or volume flow. It has no moving parts, so it's used across stacks, ducts and portable traverses where a rugged, low-maintenance sensing element is needed.

What is an S-type pitot tube used for?

Its larger sensing openings are less prone to blocking than a standard pitot tube, so it's used for stack and flue gas measurements where dust or particulate would otherwise clog a finer tube. It's a common choice for emission monitoring points on hot, dusty exhaust streams.

What's the difference between an S-type and L-type pitot tube?

An S-type pitot tube has two facing, curved openings that resist blocking in dusty or particulate-laden gas, making it the choice for stacks and flues. An L-type, or standard, pitot tube has finer, straight-through openings suited to clean ducts, where dust build-up isn't a concern.

Why use an averaging pitot tube instead of a single point?

Airflow across a duct is rarely even, especially after a bend or damper, so a single-point reading can miss the true average. An averaging pitot tube senses several points across the duct and combines them, giving a more representative reading for a differential pressure transmitter to convert into volume flow.

Do pitot tubes need a separate transmitter?

Yes. A pitot tube only produces a differential pressure, not a flow reading by itself. You need a differential pressure transmitter or a portable digital gauge, connected by tubing, to convert that pressure into a velocity or volume flow value you can read or log.

How accurate is a Wilson flow grid compared to a pitot tube?

The Wilson flow grid samples more points across the duct than a single or averaging pitot tube, so it gives the highest accuracy of this range for permanent installations in large ducts. It needs custom sizing per duct, unlike a pitot tube, which fits a range of duct sizes with one product.

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